Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true regarding ATP synthases?

Accepted Answer

A)  They require proton motive force to make ATP.
B)  They span the inner membrane of mitochondria.
C)  The proton flow is outward during ATP synthesis.
D)  The subunits of ATP synthase undergo conformational changes during ATP production.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

In the TCA cycle,two carbons are removed from citric acid in the form of __________,thereby regenerating oxaloacetate to complete the cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl-CoA
B)  ethanol
C)  carbon dioxide
D)  methanolE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Fatty acids are metabolized by the __________ pathway.

Accepted Answer

A)  alpha-oxidation
B)  beta-oxidation
C)  gamma-oxidation
D)  delta-oxidationE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 4

What distinguishing feature characterizes aerobic and anaerobic respiration but does not play a role in fermentation pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxidation-reduction reactions
B)  Hydrolysis reactions
C)  The absence of O2
D)  The presence of an electron transport chainE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 5

All forms of phototropy "harvest" light energy to fix carbon,producing sugar.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in a cell is called

Accepted Answer

A)  anabolism.
B)  catabolism.
C)  metabolism.
D)  None of the choices are correct.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Bacterial electron transport chains may be comprised of fewer components and have lower P/O ratios than mitochondrial transport chains.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

TCA cycle enzymes are found in the _____________ _________ of eukaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

mitochondr...

Question 9

The TCA cycle generates all of the following from each acetyl-CoA molecule oxidized except

Accepted Answer

A)  three NADH molecules.
B)  two CO2 molecules.
C)  one FADH2 molecule.
D)  two ATP or GTP molecules.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Large external polysaccharides are degraded by bacteria and archaea using ________ ________,which they secrete outside the cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Large external polysaccharides are degraded by bacteria...

Question 11

How does a fermenter generate proton motive force (PMF) to drive active transport?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fermenters use an electron transport chain for this purpose.
B)  Fermenters cannot generate proton motive force.
C)  Fermenters can reverse the direction of the ATP synthase to generate PMF.D) B) and C)
E) A) and C)

Question 12

What enzymes hydrolyze proteins,releasing amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tranaminases
B)  Proteases
C)  Decarboxylases
D)  DeaminasesE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

When nitrate is used as a final electron acceptor by bacteria growing in anoxic soils,the nitrogen is no longer available for the construction of precursor metabolites.This is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrification.
B)  nitrogen fixation.
C)  nitrogen respiration.
D)  dissimilatory nitrate reduction.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Chemolithotrophs generally derive ________ ATP from oxidation of inorganic substrates because the reduction potentials of those substrates are much more ________ than the reduction potential of organic substrates.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; positive
B)  more; negative
C)  less; positive
D)  less; negativeE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following may be used as sources of energy by chemolithotrophs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrogen gas
B)  Reduced nitrogen compounds
C)  Reduced sulfur compounds
D)  All of the choices are correct.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi,when coupled with an exergonic chemical reaction is called __________ phosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemiosmotic
B)  oxidative
C)  substrate-level
D)  conformational changeE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

In higher eukaryotes,most aerobically generated ATP is produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis.
B)  the TCA cycle.
C)  a membrane-bound proton translocating ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation.
D)  all of these generate equal amounts of ATP.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Reduction of nitrate to nitrite by Paracoccus denitrificans is an example of anaerobic respiration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Photosynthetic organisms serve as the base for most food chains in the biosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized aerobically in eukaryotes is

Accepted Answer

A)  2.
B)  32.
C)  38.
D)  85.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 11: Catabolism: Energy Release and Conservation

Large external polysaccharides are degraded by bacteria and archaea using ________ ________,which they secrete outside the cell.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What enzymes hydrolyze proteins,releasing amino acids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When nitrate is used as a final electron acceptor by bacteria growing in anoxic soils,the nitrogen is no longer available for the construction of precursor metabolites.This is referred to as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following may be used as sources of energy by chemolithotrophs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reduction of nitrate to nitrite by Paracoccus denitrificans is an example of anaerobic respiration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The theoretical maximum net gain of ATP per molecule of glucose metabolized aerobically in eukaryotes is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi,when coupled with an exergonic chemical reaction is called __________ phosphorylation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The TCA cycle generates all of the following from each acetyl-CoA molecule oxidized except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fatty acids are metabolized by the __________ pathway.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT true regarding ATP synthases?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What distinguishing feature characterizes aerobic and anaerobic respiration but does not play a role in fermentation pathways?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Photosynthetic organisms serve as the base for most food chains in the biosphere.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does a fermenter generate proton motive force (PMF) to drive active transport?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In higher eukaryotes,most aerobically generated ATP is produced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the TCA cycle,two carbons are removed from citric acid in the form of __________,thereby regenerating oxaloacetate to complete the cycle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sum total of all chemical reactions occurring in a cell is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

TCA cycle enzymes are found in the _____________ _________ of eukaryotic cells.

Correct Answerverifiedmitochondr...View AnswerShow Answer

Bacterial electron transport chains may be comprised of fewer components and have lower P/O ratios than mitochondrial transport chains.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chemolithotrophs generally derive ________ ATP from oxidation of inorganic substrates because the reduction potentials of those substrates are much more ________ than the reduction potential of organic substrates.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All forms of phototropy "harvest" light energy to fix carbon,producing sugar.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Large external polysaccharides are degraded by bacteria and archaea using ,which they secrete outside the cell.

Correct Answer
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TCA cycle enzymes are found in the _____ _ of eukaryotic cells.

Correct Answer
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mitochondr...
View Answer

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Chemolithotrophs generally derive ATP from oxidation of inorganic substrates because the reduction potentials of those substrates are much more than the reduction potential of organic substrates.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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